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20 Feb 2024

The Burden of Proof

Course material - 1 pages - Civil law

The burden of proof in civil and criminal cases is the obligation to provide evidence validating or disputing a certain occurrence. It is an obligation to proof what has been alleged in judicial proceedings. The burden of proof differs in criminal and civil cases whereby in criminal lawsuits, it...

10 Feb 2024

Advisory Opinion on The Wall - International Court of Justice - Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and the right of self-defense

Essay - 3 pages - International law

In its Advisory Opinion on The Wall, the International Court of Justice declared that Article 51 of the United Nations Charter "recognizes the existence of an inherent right of self-defense in the case of armed attack by one State against another State", thereby implying that the right of...

10 Feb 2024

European Court of Human Rights, Hirst vs United Kingdom (No. 2) [2005] ECHR 74025/01 - The mechanism to promote judicial and national dialogue

Law case study - 3 pages - International law

This document critically examines the impact of the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in Hirst v United Kingdom (No. 2) [2005] ECHR 74025/01 as a mechanism to promote judicial and national dialogue. In Hirst v United Kingdom, the country faced the European Court of Human Rights'...

09 Feb 2024

Illegal cattle farming - Implications and possible actions by the European commission and Brazilian government

Case study - 11 pages - Environment law

The Amazon Forest is the world's largest tropical rainforest and is a vital ecosystem with a wide range of flora and fauna (WWF, n.d.). However, the Amazon Forest is under threat due to various anthropogenic activities, including illegal cattle farming which is a significant driver of...

04 Feb 2024

How and why is International Law Binding on States?

Essay - 3 pages - International law

While the legal nature of the subject itself has been often discussed and debated, it is generally considered that international law has legal value, notably because of its binding effect. Indeed, international law is binding on states, with obligations based on both moral and formal reasons....

20 Jan 2024

French law of international commercial arbitration

Course material - 5 pages - Other law subjects

French law of international commercial arbitration is a course designed for fourth-year students at the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis and doctoral students in law. In order to help students deepen their knowledge of the subject, a book has been set up called "International Commercial...

17 Jan 2024

In your opinion, is the British Monarchy still a relevant institution today?

Essay - 1 pages - Constitutional law

The British monarchy is a long institution that has survived for many years and played a main role in the country history and culture. The British Monarchy, is an institution that lasted in centuries of tradition and historical significance, has long as it has been a symbol of continuity and...

16 Jan 2024

English Law

Course material - 2 pages - Law's history and philosophy

There are four types of law: common law, civil law, religious law, and the mixed systems. The main difference between common law and civil law is that common law is based on the rule of precedent and civil law on code.

16 Jan 2024

Given the rule of the precedent in the federal judiciary system, how can it promote stability in the law?

Essay - 2 pages - Law's history and philosophy

The actual implementation of the federal judiciary system began with the Judiciary Act of 1789, signed into law by President George Washington. It established the basic structure and jurisdiction of the federal judiciary system and created the Supreme Court as well as lower federal courts. Since...

13 Jan 2024

The Social Contract (pros/cons)

Essay - 2 pages - Law's history and philosophy

According to Rousseau, justice cannot be defined as "the right of the strongest". If justice were so, the most powerful individuals would always be the right ones. Hence, he develops the idea that freedom is our self regulation. This is the reason why the well-known philosopher developed a new...

16 Dec 2023

Environmental law - The examples of Canada and the United Kingdom

Case study - 3 pages - Environment law

There is a high amount of litigation related to water, considering that Canada is one of the major fishing sites. Federal fisheries act was made in order to prevent water pollution by prohibiting discharge or deposition of substances which can be harmful to aquatic animals. The UK is historically...

09 Dec 2023

The Impact of the Barcelona Traction Case on Shareholder Protection under International Law or The Diplomatic Protection of Companies and Shareholders

Thesis - 27 pages - International law

The Barcelona Traction judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of February 5th 1970, considerably shaped the protection of foreign investors. Indeed, this judgment which introduced an innovative distinction, but ultimately in conformity with existing legal concepts, between the...

07 Dec 2023
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The Institutional Structure: The European Balance of Powers

Course material - 7 pages - European law

The European community created particular institutions, which were quite different from the usual skims of the separation of powers. In the traditional system of separation of powers, more or less separation is between executive, legislative and judicial power.

07 Dec 2023

What Consequences did the Treaty of Trianon have on Hungary?

Essay - 4 pages - International law

After 4 years of war between 1914 and 1918, the Allies marked their victory by signing different treaties, like the Treaty of Trianon. Indeed, this treaty was signed on the fourth of June 1920 in Versailles by, on the one hand, most of the Allies (the UK, France, the USA, Italy, the Kingdom of...

02 Dec 2023

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited

Presentation - 7 pages - International law

The Court examined the question: "Can a State provide diplomatic protection to its citizens who hold shares in a company incorporated in a different country when shareholders' interests are impacted by actions against the company?"

18 Nov 2023

R v Lee Abbott 2019 and R v Claire Colebourne 2019

Law case - 4 pages - Criminal law

The cases of R v Lee Abbott 2019 and R v Claire Colebourne 2019 delve into the devastating realm of familial homicides, each bearing its distinctive tragic narrative. These heart-wrenching incidents unfolded within the intimate confines of family relationships, leading to the untimely demise of...

14 Nov 2023

To what extent have human rights been defended and promoted by African constitutionalism? - Detailed plan and introduction

Essay - 3 pages - Law's history and philosophy

Human rights violations in Africa affect almost all countries. They arise from structural and circumstantial violence, which is uncontrolled and sometimes even encouraged. There are several reasons for this: firstly, African leaders are only concerned with protecting and defending their...

05 Nov 2023

The case of free movement of goods

Law case - 3 pages - European law

On December 22nd, the Yellow Vests, a movement of demonstrators, organised several roadblocks on all French borders, including the border between France and Italy, the Mont Blanc tunnel. You would like to take legal actions against France for having failed to lift the roadblock to allow the...

05 Nov 2023

Memorandum - Free Movements of Goods

Law case - 5 pages - European law

"Dear Sir, As discussed, we revert back to you with respect to your request for legal opinion regarding the following matters: - whether a Member State can be said to have infringed EU law, in a case where it merely abstained from adopting measures necessary to remove obstacles to the free...

04 Nov 2023

The Repercussions of the Law and its Impact on Individuals - Hart-Celler Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Tutorials/exercises - 1 pages - International law

When it was created, the bill was meant to eliminate race discrimination in immigration and allow people from all countries to come to the United States, not just white immigrants. The fact is that decades after this bill, we can see the clear impact it had on US immigration: in 1960, 84 percent...

01 Nov 2023

Why do European courts refuse to enforce U.S. punitive damages?

Essay - 6 pages - International law

In terms of civil liability in Continental Europe, the principle is to compensate only for the damage. Civil liability is not punitive. The purpose is only to put the victim back in the situation she knew before the operative event. If the behavior deserves a sanction, it is a matter of criminal...

23 Oct 2023

R v. Albert William Grannon (2019) and R v. Claire Colebourn (2019) - Comparative study

Law case - 2 pages - Criminal law

Both R v Albert William Grannon and R v Claire Colebourne (2019) concern homicides involving children, and in both cases, it is a family member who has been found guilty for the deaths. You have to compare and contrast the sentencing remarks handed down in each case.

17 Oct 2023

Deniers and Disbelievers: ?If I Get Corona, I Get Corona.? - John Branch (2020) - Coronavirus in the US

Text commentary - 1 pages - Civil law

The Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person" embeds itself a paradox, highlighted by the current situation in the United States. As Covid-19 spreads through the country, some people prefer to deny its risks and choose...

17 Oct 2023

Supreme Court roleplay

Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Other law subjects

This document is a role play between students, based on the decision Soto vs Bushmaster. The goal is to elaborate a detailed argument.

26 Sep 2023

Legal English

Course material - 13 pages - Other law subjects

This document contains a Legal English course. Many legal aspects are seen using the right English vocabulary. The English legal system is taken into consideration.

11 Sep 2023
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Business Law: Transnational commercial contracts

Course material - 15 pages - Business law

Parties can choose the law applicable to the contract and other should respect that choice. Recognized for the first time in France with the decision "American trading" in 1910. Today this principle is recognized by a lot of conventions and is a general principle.

07 Sep 2023

Constitution - Comparative study between American and French constitution

Course material - 2 pages - Constitutional law

This document is a comparative study in the form of questions/answers about french and US constitutions.

08 Aug 2023

Femicide and Human Rights: Understanding and Classifying Gender-Based Violence under E.U. Law

Thesis - 20 pages - Public liberties

In 2008, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, during the launch of a campaign intending to end violence targeting women, said that the only global truth is that "violence against women is never acceptable, never excusable, never tolerable". The statement was a revelation that society...

07 May 2023

Court of Common Pleas, 29 January 1855, Canham v/ Barry - Can an agreement made in writing be altered by an oral term or condition?

Law case - 2 pages - Obligation law

The plaintiff (Canham) and the defendant (Barry) signed on the 13th of June 1854 an agreement or an instrument in writing. In that agreement, the defendant (as a lessee) agreed to sell to the plaintiff all his unexpired term and leasehold interest in the farm, at West Thurrock, in the county of...

16 Apr 2023

Investment law - The reinforcement of the control of foreign investments by the European Union

Essay - 4 pages - European law

How do the European Union's reinforced measures for controlling foreign investments, including the EU FDI (Foreign direct investment) Screening Regulation, national investment screening mechanisms, and increased scrutiny on state-owned enterprises, impact the attractiveness of the EU market...