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12 Jul 2011
doc

European Union Law - Commentary: Article 4 of the EU Treaty (Member States' sovereignty/cooperation duties)

Thesis - 4 pages - European law

The document we are going to comment on is the article 4 of the EU Treaty, as modified by the Lisbon Treaty. It highlights the fact that the EU membership implies a great number of consequences for the member States. According to this article, although some rights belonging to the...

27 Jan 2011
doc

How are competences between the EU and the Member States with the Treaty of Lisbon controlled?

Essay - 4 pages - International relations

The European Union (EU), as we know it today, is the result of decade-long integration efforts, and officially came into being with the Schuman Declaration on 9 May 1950. The process of the European construction has been a lengthy one; the primary goal behind a European entity was to prevent the...

27 Jan 2011
doc

The Treaty of Lisbon: the division of competences between the EU and the Member States

Worksheets - 3 pages - European union

Conceived and founded by Robert Schuman, Europe as a community, has continued to evolve and grow over the years, through the formation of various Treaties. Out of the 6 members present originally in 1957, in 1992, the EEC became the European Union with 12 Member States....

29 Sep 2010
doc

Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States

Essay - 25 pages - European law

Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via...

29 Sep 2010
doc

Describe the major differences in interests and perspectives of the member states of the European Union on Iraq and the US policy

Essay - 15 pages - International relations

The Iraq conflict uncovers difficulties for the member states of the European Union to find a common position in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. This essay describes the major differences in the interest and perspectives of the member governments on...

09 May 2009
doc

Outline and assess the extent to which the WTO agreements have legal effects before EU and member states' courts, creating rights for individuals and the possibility of testing the compatibility of EU secondary legislation with these agreements. - published: 09/05/2009

Thesis - 10 pages - International relations

Because its creation was not a simple extension of the GATT, literature has shown a lively curiosity for the reception of WTO law within the Community legal order. Some concrete facts justify this infatuation. Unlike its predecessor, the WTO is a permanent institution with its own secretariat...

19 Mar 2008
doc

Outline and assess the extent to which the wto agreements have legal effects before eu and member states' courts, creating rights for individuals and the possibility of testing the compatibility of eu secondary legislation with these agreements.

Essay - 12 pages - International law

Because its creation was not a simple extension of the GATT, literature has shown a lively curiosity for the reception of WTO law within the Community legal order. Some concrete facts justify this infatuation. Unlike its predecessor, the WTO is a permanent institution with its own secretariat...

31 Jul 2022

The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany

Course material - 8 pages - Political science

France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the...

19 Oct 2023

Federal and States restrictions on abortion, with a focus on Oklahoma

Essay - 8 pages - Social, moral & civic education

The year 2023 will mark half a century of legal abortion in the United States. However, Roe v Wade, the landmark abortion decision, may not survive as the Supreme Court might soon overturn it and enable states to criminalize abortion. The term "abortion" in this essay will refer...

21 Sep 2022

Financial Market Offenses and Crimes Against the State in the US

Course material - 6 pages - Economic politics

The French AMF is an independent public authority. It is made of two distinct bodies (the board and the enforcement committee), there is no hierarchy, board members cannot be members of the enforcement committee at the same time. The AMF is in charge of overseeing the protection of...

07 Aug 2018
doc

Anatomy of the Russian disinformation campaign: understanding the complexity of a covert network as part of state policy and a military tool against Europe

Tutorials/exercises - 73 pages - Journalism

About two decades ago, it was impossible to imagine that foreign disinformation could actually affect the policy decision making or disturb social cohesion and solidarity in European countries. Back then, media outlets such as television, radio stations and newspapers enjoyed munificent funding...

01 Aug 2022

Towards a Federation of Nation-States? - From the Milan summit to the Nice one (1985-2000)

Course material - 7 pages - Modern history

To try to describe the aim of the European Construction at the beginning of the 90ies, Jacques Delors, president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995, invented the concept of a Federation of Nation-States. An oxymoron? What does national sovereignty become in such a system? But...

26 Sep 2023
doc

Paying for a Green New Deal with Modern Monetary Theory - Dean Baker (2019) ; Mixed Economies Today, Compared to Those of Antiquity - Michael Hudson (2019) ; The Green New Deal, Capitalism and the State - Rob Urie (2019) ; The Great Austerity Shell Game - Richard Wolff (2013) ; The crisis of globalization: interview with Mark Blyth (2019)

Case study - 5 pages - Economy general

Dean Baker offers in this column a critique of the Green New Deal (GND), a set of legislative proposals put forward by progressive (left-wing) members of the Democratic Party in the United States. The GND is an ambitious set of policies designed to revamp the entire American by...

17 Apr 2015
doc

Effect of western powers on the Middle Eastern states Studies

Case study - 2 pages - Educational studies

The prevailing issues concerning health, education and labor within the Middle East are as a direct result of historical influence-and by extension design-of Western nations dating as far back as the Napoleonic wars. The origins osf these states were primarily after World War 1 through two...

08 Aug 2022

The United States and the World - The Reagan Revolution

Course material - 5 pages - Modern history

Ronald Reagan was elected president in November 1980. It was a return to more liberalism, to more individual responsibility, a move towards deregulation of the economy in a more and more globalized world. Reagan was convinced that this return to liberalism was the only way to overcome the...

14 Dec 2022

Haiti briefing note and building mission solution : state of the country and developments of solutions

Case study - 7 pages - Political science

In October 2015, elections were deferred indefinitely due to allegations of fraud. The new elections were further postponed due to Hurricane Matthew and finally took place in November 2016, Jovenel Moïse won 56% of the vote. There was a holding of an electoral tribunal to conduct a verification...

27 Aug 2014
pdf

Health Insurance and Financing in United States

Case study - 9 pages - Educational studies

The U.S health care spending has been characteristically among the costliest per individual, despite which the service quality lies overall below the anticipated delivery level. Unlike the single-payer healthcare system in the United Kingdom, the U.S operates a blend of market-based and...

28 Jul 2015
doc

Canada and the United States government

Essay - 2 pages - Political science

Canada and the United States have one primary similarity. They are both established as democracies. Additionally, they are both declared as federal states. However, there are numerous differences between the two. The primary difference is in the way the two conduct their government....

19 Jul 2021
doc

Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion in United States

Case study - 7 pages - Civil law

Owing to centuries of religious conflicts and oppression, the Founding Fathers wrote the first amendment of what will be the Constitution of the United States of America while highlighting freedom of religion. Indeed, in the 16th century, French Huguenots established a colony at Fort...

31 Jul 2022

The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany

Course material - 11 pages - Political science

Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of course,...

12 Nov 2020
doc

Human Resources - Comparison Between Two Countries, Japan and United States of America

Case study - 6 pages - Human resources

In this paper, I will be comparing two countries, which are the United States and Japan. I will be discussing all forms of similarities and differences. I chose those two countries because the large geographical distance and strong language barrier between them also plays a role in the...

04 Mar 2023
odt

Geography, Demography, Social Issues, Education and Culture in the United States of America

Course material - 20 pages - Sociology & social sciences

(...) One of the characteristics of US climatic conditions is the constant fear of violent climatic happening such as hurricanes (in the Southeast, particularly during the fall), violent wind storms known as "tornadoes" (the Midwest), or flooding due to heavy rainfall and storms in the eastern...

22 Oct 2014
pdf

Literature review-Cruel and unusual punishments in the United States

Case study - 5 pages - Educational studies

The subject of “cruel and unusual punishments” has been an issue of contention in the American States. The case of Cornealious Anderson brought the topic in the public media after a recent court case that sought to jail him for thirteen years after a decade from the time of...

20 Apr 2021
doc

United States foreign policy

Course material - 5 pages - Modern history

A period of political isolation intervened between the end of WWI and the entrance of the US into WWII. In the 1930s new threats to world peace appeared through Japan's invasion of China; Italy's invasion of Ethiopia; the Spanish Civil War; Germany's occupation of Austria; and...

09 Oct 2023

The Syrian Conflict: Effectiveness and Ethics of the Bombing by the United States, Britain, and France

Essay - 2 pages - Linguistics & languages

An alliance led by the US, Britain, and France has been bombarding targets in Syria since 2015. Nevertheless, different events must be distinguished. On the first hand, some bombings took place in order to fight against Daesh. Iraq asked for the help of other countries in order to wipe out...

28 Sep 2016
doc

The American Civil War and the independence of the Southern States

Course material - 2 pages - Modern history

Although historians now agree that there were many causes for the American Civil War, one of these causes remains the desire of the Confederacy to defend the institution of slavery against what they perceived to be an attack by the Northern states. By electing Lincoln as President, the...

03 Aug 2022

The United States and the World: Globalization in Historical Perspective

Course material - 8 pages - Modern history

The concept of globalization is not new: in his Communist Manifesto, in 1848, Karl Marx underlined that the bourgeoisie needed constantly expanding markets. Some distinctions are important. Globalization happens, or at least is discussed, in the context of several different fields, in which it...

15 Jan 2021
doc

The United States in the Economy

Course material - 25 pages - International economy

Globalization is a contest content, it can have a negative view; responsible of outsourcing, massive unemployment (Europe), positive view; eliminate discrimination, global general culture, universalism. A complex reality, positive & negative sides. Is a process of interaction and integration...

01 Aug 2022

The United States and the World: Bush's Second Term and Current Trends in the US Foreign Policy Establishment

Course material - 9 pages - Political life and election

After Bush's re-election in November 2004, there were some doubts about the kind of policy he would now follow, after the occupation of Iraq had revealed itself as a much more difficult undertaking than what the Administration had contemplated. Many felt at the time the President would vastly...

12 Jun 2013
doc

EU towards a federal state

Case study - 5 pages - European union

"Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity" (issued from Schuman Declaration on 9th May 1950). At the end of the Second World War, bruised, France, Germany, Benelux, and Italy,...