How was the perception of Arab Spring and pan-Arabism by local and western approaches?
Essay - 7 pages - Modern history
If the Arab Spring has been largely diffused as an unprecedented wave of revolutionary moves into the Arabic world, its connections to a wider global history have often been limited to the tricky issue of pan-Arabism and its underlying questions about nationalism. It all started...
History of the Constitution of the United States
Course material - 2 pages - Modern history
In May 1776, Congress passed a resolution advising the colonies to form new governments. By 1777, 11 states had drawn up their own Constitutions (which contained the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence). Those Constitutions were influenced by democratic ideas (role of Enlightenment...
The United States and the World: demography and energy in the world as predictable long-term factors
Course material - 11 pages - World geography
The current policy, and even more the future policy of any country is difficult to assess, because it depends on a lot of factors, many of them (public moods, politics, personalities) being of a transient nature. But the current and future policy of any country also depends largely on long-term...
The Wilsonian tradition and its limits (1914-1945)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
President Wilson (1913-1920) renounced isolationism, which was the American tradition since Monroe: in agreement with his progressive agenda, he believed the US had to act abroad. He promoted a new internationalist doctrine. But he failed to convince either the foreign partners of the US, or, at...
The United States and the World: The Sources and Tools of American Foreign Policy
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
There is undoubtedly an American exceptionalism: the US considers itself since the 18th century to be different from Europe. It has seen itself from the beginning as a universal model: the “American way of life” (linking most strongly liberal democracy and free enterprise, two notions...
The United States and the World - The Reagan Revolution
Course material - 5 pages - Modern history
Ronald Reagan was elected president in November 1980. It was a return to more liberalism, to more individual responsibility, a move towards deregulation of the economy in a more and more globalized world. Reagan was convinced that this return to liberalism was the only way to overcome the...
The United States and the World: The US and the Cold War (1945-1980)
Course material - 5 pages - Modern history
The goal of this document is to stress the main thrust of American strategy in the Cold War in order to understand the legacy of the Cold War on American foreign policy today. The main structures of US foreign policy and foreign policy establishment and instruments, still in place today, were...
The United States and the end of the Cold War (1989-1990)
Course material - 4 pages - Modern history
President George H. Bush was elected in November 1988. He had to steer the end of the Cold War, 1989-1990. His team was different from Reagan's, although he had been his vice-president: there were no neo-conservatives; the new Administration was more adept of Kissinger's prudent line....
The United States and the World: Globalization in Historical Perspective
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
The concept of globalization is not new: in his Communist Manifesto, in 1848, Karl Marx underlined that the bourgeoisie needed constantly expanding markets. Some distinctions are important. Globalization happens, or at least is discussed, in the context of several different...
The United States and the World - Russia and China
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
At the beginning of his first term, President Bush neglected Russia and considered China as the next major geopolitical adversary. At the same time, American analysts were quite confident that Washington would be able to manage the "Geostrategic Triad" between Washington, Moscow and Beijing to...
Towards a Federation of Nation-States? - From the Milan summit to the Nice one (1985-2000)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
To try to describe the aim of the European Construction at the beginning of the 90ies, Jacques Delors, president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995, invented the concept of a Federation of Nation-States. An oxymoron? What does national sovereignty become in such a system? But still it...
Towards a Kind of European Constitution? From the Saint-Malo Franco-British Meeting to the Lisbon Treaty (1998-2007)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
In 1998, Prime Minister Blair had to realize that the fact that GB did not participate in the Euro would actually marginalize her inside the European Union. He decided to recover the initiative, and to take up the subject of European defense, where GB could contribute in an important way, because...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, Robert Schuman or...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of 1930). They stressed...
The development and failure of the European system (1815-1945)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
There was a European system before the current European Union. Its roots went back to the 17th century and the Westphalian peace of 1648. It reached its maturity during the 19th century, after the Vienna Congress, and under the impression of 25 years of revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It was...
EU relations in the wake of the 21st century
Essay - 6 pages - Modern history
Eastern and Western Europe were separated in the aftermath of the Second World War by their rapprochement with one of the two great victorious powers, the USSR and the United States. Rebuild = European countries reduced their military budgets and thus find themselves at a disadvantage in the face...
The Cold War (1947-1991)
Course material - 3 pages - Modern history
The expression used for the first time in 1947 and popularized by the journalist Walter Lippmann is the name given to the international relationships between 1947 and 1991. It was a military and ideological conflict concerning every aspect (economy, ideology, propaganda, science, conquest of...
English Test : History on Geopolitical Relations
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Modern history
In Australia, the “History Wars” are a debate on the nature of the colonial settlement and on the extent of the deprivations suffered by the Aboriginals. What fuels the debate is not merely the quest for an ever-elusive historical truth, but rather the consequences that history has on...
History of Great Britain
Course material - 8 pages - Medieval history
The period which goes from 1488 up to 1603 is often described as a Golden Age in the British history. Henry VIII, Shakespeare, the English Bible with the Anglican Church, the development of Parliament are among the numerous examples that are related to this period. The most important forces of...
History of the British economy
Course material - 2 pages - Modern history
After WW2, to give Britain the chance to rebuild itself economically and socially, the Labour government established the “Post-War consensus” based on the principles of the Beveridge Report from 1945 up to 1979, the two main political parties Labour and Conservative agreed to follow the...
Radio program: Nelson Mandela
Creative writing - 3 pages - Modern history
"Good morning, New York and welcome to “History and Music” radio! It is 7AM and today we received the famous man nicknamed Madiba who fought against the apartheid in South Africa during his entire life. He was president from 1994 - nineteen ninety-four - to 1999 - nineteen ninety-nine -...
The Hair controversy
Artwork commentary - 6 pages - Modern history
As part of the work for this course, I have chosen to deal with the Hair musical controversy and its resulting issues, such as freedom of artistic expression and freedom of speech, which are allegedly core values of the United States of America. In fact, the First Amendment to the Declaration of...
David Michôd's film "The King" (2019) and Lord of the Rings - J.R.R. Tolkien (1954-1955) - hero's representation in medievalism
Artwork commentary - 3 pages - Medieval history
Medieval society did not have a word about ancient hero models, because heroes belonged only to God. Some knights recognized for their admirable achievements were awarded the title of "Paladin". Nevertheless, the term is restrictive because it cannot qualify Robin Hood, the typical robber of the...
Was there a Thatcher revolution (1979-1990) ?
Course material - 3 pages - Modern history
Britain's situation in 1979 : had been ruled by consensual politics effectively since 1945, with cross-party agreement on the welfare state. It was relatively prosperous in 1950-1960s, yet the 1970s saw Britain face economic and social difficulties, the "Winter of discontent." Thatcher...
Border dispute - The Hala'ibTriangle (Halayeb Triangle)
Worksheets - 2 pages - World geography
I am going to introduce you to the border dispute concerning the Hala'ib Triangle, an area of 20,000 square kilometers between Egypt and Sudan. It is along the 22nd parallel, which represents the border between the two countries, excepted at this very place where the current border is not...
Could colonization have gone differently with Europeans and Indians living together peacefully?
Essay - 1 pages - Medieval history
Between 1775 and 1884, Indian territories in the Americas drastically declined. This decrease in territory has been accompanied by a decrease in the people themselves. Today, we'll try to see if this colonization could have been different, and if those people could have lived together, in...
Presentation of 9/11
Essay - 2 pages - Modern history
A hero is a person who is admired for their courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. It can be the main character in a book or a film or a person with superhuman qualities. It can also be a modern-day hero, a person who has performed a heroic act or simply our own personal hero, our...
The Renaissance
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
The Renaissance was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It was associated with great social change. The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its version of humanism, and the rediscovery of classical...
South-Africa Presentation
Essay - 1 pages - World geography
On 1948, the ideology supported by the National Party government named apartheid was introduced in South Africa. The principal aim was to separate the blacks from the whites by numerous laws such as the prohibition of Mixed Marriages. Obviously, some people disagreed and decided to resist such as...
The most prominent events that the world and Europe have lived through, especially during the last decade, their repercussions and the most important measures taken to avoid or reduce their severity
Tutorials/exercises - 4 pages - Modern history
The origin of the crisis dates back to ancient times, when it was derived from the Greek word krino, meaning an important or decisive decision. From the political field, the crisis is considered: a case that discusses the aspects of the political system, which also requires a decision to confront...
