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15 Jan 2009
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The experience of the Indian and Pakistani immigrant communities in Great Britain from 1948 to 1971

Essay - 42 pages - Modern history

The history of Indian and Pakistani presence in Britain is long as it dates back to the seventeenth century. Yet the influence of the South Asian community was almost insignificant at that time, for its size remained very small. Only after the Second World War (1939-1945) did South Asian...

15 Jan 2009
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How did the first world war affect the status of women?

Essay - 10 pages - Modern history

The First World War is one of the first conflicts, which called for the participation, and mobilization of all people, fighters as much as non-fighters. So, at the announcement of the war, men and women are going to answer present. The society and the economy of every country are going to be...

15 Jan 2009
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British Imperialism

Essay - 3 pages - Modern history

The American War of Independence (1775-1783) is referred to as the end of the first British Empire and as an evolution of the management of the colonies. Britain realized that trade might continue to bring prosperity even in the absence of colonial rule (this contributed to the extension in the...

15 Jan 2009
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Cause of the great famine and its place in the demographic and migration history

Essay - 5 pages - Modern history

In the 1800s, Ireland was essentially a rural country. Its economy depended only on agriculture, and its industrial system was very weak. Therefore, Ireland was very poor compared with its neighbour, England. It is considered most of all as an island belonging to England and integrated by this...

15 Jan 2009
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Was the assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco relevant?

Essay - 5 pages - Modern history

Luis Carrero Blanco has been Franco's shadow and his life is one of the most mysterious in the Spanish history of the twentieth century. He always seemed to be a minor figure. He was from the middle-class, had little ambition but had an important working capacity and above all, he was absolutely...

15 Jan 2009
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America on its way to modernity (1800-1860)

Essay - 4 pages - Modern history

The beginning of the nineteenth Century was mostly rural: indeed the Americans living in the countryside were five times in number than those living in cities. Moreover the nation grew considerably in 1790; there were four million American and seventy years later, there are thirty-nine million....

15 Jan 2009
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Why did communism become established in Eastern Europe after the Second World War? - published: 15/01/2009

Essay - 7 pages - Modern history

On the 25th of April 1945, shortly before the official end of the Second World War, American and Soviet soldiers meet at the Elbe river. But to reach the Elbe river, the Russian troops had to come all the way across Europe, and so across Eastern Europe. By the end of the same year, seven states...

15 Jan 2009
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Why did Eritrea become independent?

Essay - 15 pages - Modern history

In 1993, the whole world was impressed by the state-of-the-art independence of Eritrea. Everything seemed to have been done by the rules : a declaration of independence in 1991, a notification to the UN and a referendum two years later. Being the last war of independence of Africa, it is tempting...

15 Jan 2009
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The history of the Jagiellonian university: The history of Krakow

Essay - 4 pages - Modern history

Since its foundation in 1364, the University of Krakow has known a destiny unique of its kind. It was the second university created in Central Europe after the one in Prague - created in 1348 - and before many others afterward like in Vienna (1365), Pécs (1367), and Erfurt (1379). All along the...

15 Jan 2009
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The classical realist and structural realist theories applied to the Kosovo crisis in 1998-1999

Essay - 6 pages - Modern history

Kosovo is mostly known as a region in the former Yugoslavia where, in 1998 and 1999, there was growing violence between the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), which sought independence from Serbia, and the Serbian army and police, which were randomly attacking the province of the indigenous Albanian...

15 Jan 2009
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What historical factors played the greatest role in defining the Arab society and culture since the eighteenth century?

Essay - 6 pages - Modern history

From the seventh to the eighteenth century, the Arab World has formed a large area regrouping a Muslim population, sharing a common religion and culture. In different parts of the Islamic World, Islam was the bound between the Umma. Since the fourteenth century, the main part of the Arab world...

15 Jan 2009
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The emancipation proclamation

Essay - 3 pages - Modern history

President Abraham Lincoln entered the war in order to preserve the union of the United States rather than to abolish slavery. Indeed, he repeatedly emphasized that his paramount objective in the war was to save the union, not to free the slaves. However, Lincoln has been such pressured by...

15 Jan 2009
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Compare and contrast the causes and nature of the two 1917 Russian Revolutions

Essay - 6 pages - Modern history

“Every social group, every nationality, every region, every town, every village, had its own revolution”, wrote Christopher Read and indeed, 1917 proved to be for Russia a year of turmoil and change. Traditionally, however, 1917 is known as a year of two revolutions, February Revolution...

15 Jan 2009
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Mao's reforms: A total failure?

Essay - 5 pages - Modern history

“In time of difficulties, we must not lose sight of our achievements.” This quotation from the Communist leader Mao Tse-Tung (1893-1976) could perfectly apply to his economic policy. When Mao came to power in October 1949, China was out of a decade of war and its economy was still very...

15 Jan 2009
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Genocide: The case of Rwanda

Essay - 4 pages - Modern history

The situation in Darfur illustrates the difficulties the international community faces when it comes to deal with acts of genocide. Genocide has been defined as a crime in international law, an international Convention has been signed and international tribunals have been created to try...

15 Jan 2009
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Did Thatcherism bring an end to the 'post-war consensus?'

Essay - 7 pages - Modern history

Since 1979 the so-called 'Thatcher experiment' or the 'Thatcherism' was at the centre of many debates, partly because Mrs Thatcher's government has broken with many features of the postwar consensus and partly because her government's record is contested (Kavanagh, 1987,...

15 Jan 2009
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Was the Great Famine of greater significance for the histories of subsequent generations than for those of the period 1845 - 50?

Essay - 4 pages - Modern history

Ireland in the beginning of the 1840's had a population of eight million inhabitants of whom more than four-fifths lived on the land and it was one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The prosperous phase which prevailed in Ireland at the beginning of the 1840's was unfortunately...

15 Jan 2009
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Abraham Lincoln

Essay - 3 pages - Modern history

Abraham Lincoln is considered to be one of the greatest American presidents who expressed himself as not simply a forceful war while demonstrating the vast power inherent in the presidency, but as a dictator, albeit in many accounts a benevolent and constitutional dictator. Lincoln, it is said,...

15 Jan 2009
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Pragmatism and idealism in the process of nation-building (1781-1788)

Essay - 7 pages - Modern history

“Idealism without pragmatism is impotent. Pragmatism without idealism is meaningless. The key to effective leadership is pragmatic idealism.” (Richard Nixon). Were the very first years of the new nation, born of the American Revolution, marked by a “spirit of pragmatic...

15 Jan 2009
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South Africa: Colonial expansion and British consolidation

Essay - 3 pages - Modern history

History of South Africa's colonization is undoubtedly one of the most complex, partly due to the fact that several colonizing nations and several native tribes were in interaction. What kind of evolutions knew South Africa from the second part of the 17th century to the end of the 19th century...

15 Jan 2009
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When the Japanese moved into Southeast Asia in 1941, local reactions to the occupying forces differed greatly. Evaluate the motivations that fueled these varying responses, taking into consideration particular local situations and periods of the war

Essay - 5 pages - Modern history

Raising the question of the reactions to the Japanese takeover in Southeast Asia is very delicate and original for many reasons. Firstly, Southeast Asia is a broad region and it is most likely that the reactions of locals will differ greatly from one place to another. Secondly, there is not one...

13 Jan 2009
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Preparing the Great War: The Schlieffen Plan

Essay - 3 pages - Modern history

Between 1905 and 1914, due to the instability of Europe dominated by alliances, every country in Europe was preparing for the war and developing war plans and strategies, which had to suit their conceptions of the war. Germany, which was allied with Austria-Hungary (which had a poor army), feared...

13 Jan 2009
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What to call the genocides of the Second World War and why?

Essay - 8 pages - Modern history

“Historians are not always trustful guides when we have to reconstitute past”. Those words, of Lucy DAWIDOWICZ -an American historian who wrote quite a lot of books about the historiography of genocides- directly aimed at criticizing historians of genocides, who treated the murder by...

13 Jan 2009
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Was terror an integral part of the mentality of the revolutionaries in France?

Thesis - 4 pages - Modern history

No part of the Revolution calls as much pictures to mind as the “Terror”. The endless lines of people waiting to be guillotined, the Committee of Public Safety with the heartless figure of Maximilien Robespierre, Marat's corpse lying in his bath... more and more bloody pictures...

13 Jan 2009
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France under the Fifth Republic

Thesis - 7 pages - Modern history

The French Fourth Republic collapsed following the rise of the civil war in Algeria. Its lack of stability, which was a consequence of its parliamentary structure and the weaknesses of its parties, did not manage to survive this major crisis, and pointed out the need for a stronger executive...

13 Jan 2009
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Radicalization of the French Revolution, from 1789 to the end of 1794

Thesis - 5 pages - Modern history

The French Revolution is often depicted as a process of growing violence, underpinned by more and more radical theories. Indeed, a Manichean view often leads people to believe that France was peaceful in the beginning of 1789, and turned violent and radical in 1793. In other word, it is often...

13 Jan 2009
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The reasons behind decolonization

Thesis - 5 pages - Modern history

Between the two world wars, colonialism reached its zenith. Geographically first: at this time, colonial empires were indeed established in every continent, notably in Africa where France and Britain had the lion's share. Economically speaking, the context of economic slump and protectionism...

12 Jan 2009
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"The major parties of the Federal Republic of Germany provide better models of the 'catch-all party' (Kirchheimer) than do those of the French Fifth Republic and post-war Italy." Discuss

Essay - 3 pages - Modern history

The Post war period was characterized by move towards spreading secular and mass consumer-goods societies. This note is valid in the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Fifth Republic, and post-war Italy. This major turn in societies had to be understood by political parties and translated in...

12 Jan 2009
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Japan and China in the 1930's

Tutorials/exercises - 11 pages - Modern history

At the end of the XIXth century, the dominant position of European powers and of the United States in the Far East remained unmistakable. In fact, the European powers occupied Indochina and shared the occupation of China. Asia remained a stifled continent. But at the end of the century, Japan,...

12 Jan 2009
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The Constituent Assembly (1789-1791) and its major reforms during the French Revolution

Essay - 2 pages - Modern history

The Constituent Assembly is the Assembly in power in France between July, 9th 1789 and September, 30th 1791. On July 9th 1789, the National Assembly (created on 17th June) proclaims itself the Constituent National Assembly. This means its primary task will be to draw up a Constitution and adopt...