The Limits of the European Model : the Failure of the Federal Dream
Course material - 3 pages - European union
The notion of "solidarité des faits" has always been the core of the EU, and the idea was that an integrated EU would grow step by step, and that it would unite people. However, there was a debate about the final goal of the EU: it should go above the way to what is a federation, but should never...
The growing involvement of the European Union in the control of foreign investment in its territory
Essay - 6 pages - European union
This is what the European Commission said on March 25th, 2020 for the Member States concerning foreign direct investment and free movement of capital from third countries, and the protection of Europe's strategic assets. From this quotation, we can see that the European Union (EU) expressed...
Understanding Brexit
Course material - 9 pages - European union
Since 1998, there has been no physical border between Ireland and Northern Ireland = this has been a condition for peace between the two. When Brexit happens, this border will reappear, but people from both sides of the border are against it. The EU proposed a "backstop" = if the UK leaves...
Future Opportunities, Threats, Challenges and Goals of the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The European Union is the largest and most successful political and economic union in the world, making it a key player. Research on the European Union focuses mainly on its construction, its functioning, the challenges and threats it faces. Our research aims to examine the responsibilities and...
The European employment strategy
Dissertation - 7 pages - European union
Over the last ten years, employment has remained the top concern of Europeans, including new EU members. In fact, due to the lack of change in each national level, EU citizens have grown to trust the European Union more than their own governments to improve their country's employment...
Brexit - latest agreements, consequences, related laws
Essay - 3 pages - European union
At the end of World War II, six states met to form the European Economic Community (EEC). Over the years, the EEC has become the European Union (EU) which included some other areas than the EEC did not address. In fact, the EU expanded its intervention and its application in other fields such as...
Should Scotland leave the EU and the UK?
Essay - 1 pages - European union
In just over two years, Scotland expects to be given the historic choice of whether or not to stay in the United Kingdom. That choice will shape Scotland's future, not just for the lifetime of a parliament but for generations. There will be no going back.
What are the potential consequences and influence of the brexit on the UK and the EU?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
The term Brexit is an abbreviation of British Exit, which means the leaving of the United Kingdom from the European Union. January 1, 1973, is a key date for the United Kingdom: it saw its entry into the European Union (EU). But on June 23, 2016, a general referendum was held on whether Britain...
Public consultation - A new communication strategy launched by the EU through the web
Essay - 3 pages - European union
On 29th May 2005, French people refused the EU constitution, I was in Italy and had the news on a bus, through my neighbour's newspaper. In this context, the 'no' from French public opinion was the opportunity to reveal the wide gap between the EU and its 'citizens'. This...
EU towards a federal state
Case study - 5 pages - European union
"Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity" (issued from Schuman Declaration on 9th May 1950). At the end of the Second World War, bruised, France, Germany, Benelux, and Italy,...
Critically assess the extent to which the Court of Justice of the European Union, through its interpretation of EU law, has struck an appropriate balance between the need to respect single market objectives
Case study - 5 pages - European union
European integration was always conveyed by economic motives. The European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community, and the European Union (EU) were founded by economic interests. Since the European Union is a sui generis organisation and is also founded by the law, those...
Can one fear a return of inflation in euro area?
Essay - 15 pages - European union
John Paul II cried "Do not be afraid!"Trichet added "Take back your minds!" In both cases, the aim is to build trust and faith in order to avoid fear. The fear of rising prices and declining purchasing power followed. Inflation can be defined as a process of cumulative gains that are...
The reasons for the rejection of the Irish by the treaty of Lisbon
Essay - 8 pages - European union
A blow to Europe was delivered on June 12, 2008, with Ireland handing an emphatic "no" to the Lisbon Treaty which had won over 53.4% of voters. Ireland was the only member of the European Union to hold a referendum on this issue. A referendum is a procedure that allows all citizens of a country...
What is the future for Euro?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
In 2009, the euro was the official currency of 330 million users, located in 16 countries in Europe, and accounted for about 16% of global GDP. The single currency of the Euro zone is now the second most important currency in the world, and enjoys a broad consensus about its effectiveness. The...
The European financial crisis and the future of the euro
Essay - 3 pages - European union
Europe has suffered from the recent subprime financial crisis, which has spread through the stock markets in all developed market economies. This crisis will bring these countries to an economic downturn, which will perhaps, allow them to take stock, and hopefully help them avoid repeating the...
Is the euro a success?
Essay - 13 pages - European union
Now accused of all evils (stifling exports, slowing growth, feeding speculation, etc.), the euro seems to have become everybody's favorite scapegoat. Yet it remains that this currency is a unique experience (a single currency managed jointly by several countries), and it is undeniable that the...
The Treaty of Lisbon: the division of competences between the EU and the Member States
Worksheets - 3 pages - European union
Conceived and founded by Robert Schuman, Europe as a community, has continued to evolve and grow over the years, through the formation of various Treaties. Out of the 6 members present originally in 1957, in 1992, the EEC became the European Union with 12 Member States. Today, in less than 60...
The European Central Bank
Essay - 2 pages - European union
While the U.S. Federal Reserve has already lowered interest rates, the ECB has delayed a similar decline in interest rates. Indeed, the ECB sees Europe as "Robust" and sees no need to lower its interest rates. In trying to cope with inflation, the ECB did not realize that the risk of a slowdown...
Right of establishment in the European Community
Thesis - 6 pages - European union
Article 43 states that restrictions on freedom of establishment of citizens of a Member State shall be prohibited. The community should eliminate domestic measures that were likely to impede the free movement of its citizens. It was done gradually. The Council enabled the effectiveness of this...
Should turkey join the European Union?
Thesis - 4 pages - European union
Many people believe that the debate regarding Turkey's adhesion to the European Union (EU) is modern and recent; it actually goes back quite a long time. As a matter of fact, it dates back to the 1960s; the issue was raised in 1963, when Turkey signed a customs union with the E.U. This...
EU and the 21st century challenges: Energy and environment
Thesis - 6 pages - European union
Stavros Dimas, Commissioner for Environment opined that though in recent times, Europe has made considerable progress in cleaning the air that we breathe; air pollution remains a serious problem and continues to damage our health and the environment. The results of a poll published in March,...
Is the EU successful in its attempt to create a 'security community' with its neighbors through the elaboration of the European Neighborhood Policy?
Thesis - 6 pages - European union
The aim of this paper is to assess whether or not the EU is efficient in its attempt to build a security community with its neighbors through the implementation of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). In order to do so, I will first demonstrate that the EU and its neighbors share, to a certain...
The High Representative of Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Essay - 5 pages - European union
This paper will examine the new role of The High Representative of Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (‘High Representative') that came into force in 2009 following the Lisbon Treaty signed in 2007. First, the historical background will be discussed followed by the exploration of...
The European Stability and Growth Pact in the International Crisis
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The European Council created the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), an agreement among the 16 members of the European Union who take part in the Eurozone, to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union. The pact was adopted in its Amsterdam session on 17 June 1997 in...
The Common Agricultural Policy
Essay - 10 pages - European union
Agriculture, is to date, the economic sector in which the integration of the EU members has gone the farthest. The success of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), is the result of the elaboration of some basic principles aiming to establish a common market. Since the CAP implementation in 1962,...
The implementation of the Third Pillar of the European Union in the United Kingdom
Essay - 15 pages - European union
The establishment of the European Union (EU) Policy within the third pillar of the United Kingdom (UK) has changed substantially over the past decades and more with the introduction of the Lisbon Treaty. Originally the UK had been reluctant to acknowledge or embrace European integration, due to...
The Relationship between the European Union and the South Mediterranean Countries: An Incomplete partnership submitted to the union's interests and fears
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The Mediterranean area presents a particular structure. The Northern part of the region is composed of Western, developed countries belonging to the European Union, such as France, Spain, Italy and Greece. The Southern part is the African coast, including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan,...
The European Central Bank (ECB)
Essay - 14 pages - European union
The Eurosystem includes the national central bank (NCB) and the European central bank (ECB). All states that have central bank in the eurosystem are in the European Union and there are 27 member states. The countries which have not adopted the Euro but that are in the European central bank...
European Union and Federalism
Essay - 4 pages - European union
In 1948, federalists formulated a project of United States of Europe at a Congress in La Haye. But they were defeated by unionists who wanted mere intergovernmental cooperation between European states. Nowadays, this continues to be a recurrent debate: is the European Union (EU) a federal state?...
Poland on the Speed and Scope of Transition
Essay - 12 pages - European union
Poland is a country in Central Europe, which has experienced a transition process. After World War II, the country was ruled by the workers' party, an emanation from USSR and communist party. During this period, Poland economy was centrally planned, which means that the Plan Office decided the...
