Court of Common Pleas, 29 January 1855, Canham v/ Barry - Can an agreement made in writing be altered by an oral term or condition?
Law case - 2 pages - Obligation law
The plaintiff (Canham) and the defendant (Barry) signed on the 13th of June 1854 an agreement or an instrument in writing. In that agreement, the defendant (as a lessee) agreed to sell to the plaintiff all his unexpired term and leasehold interest in the farm, at West Thurrock, in the county of...
Investment law - The reinforcement of the control of foreign investments by the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - European law
How do the European Union's reinforced measures for controlling foreign investments, including the EU FDI (Foreign direct investment) Screening Regulation, national investment screening mechanisms, and increased scrutiny on state-owned enterprises, impact the attractiveness of the EU market...
How did the Duty of Care Concept in Negligence Evolve?
Essay - 3 pages - Civil law
Negligence is a behavior that violates a duty of care, which is a legal obligation to take reasonable care to avoid causing harm to others. In the context of tort law, negligence is a fault that may be engaged when the responsible individual or entity fails to take reasonable precautions to avoid...
How Does the Constitutional Council Carry Out the Constitutional Review Under the Fifth Republic?
Essay - 5 pages - Constitutional law
The Constitutional Council is defined by the articles of Title VII of the 1958 Constitution. Its arrival in seventh position in the order is indicative of the lack of importance that the constitution grants it. The introduction of a jurisdiction in charge of priority preliminary rulings was...
City of Ladue v. Gilleo, 512 U.S. 43 (1994) - Is the ordinance of petitioner City of Ladue prohibiting all residents' display of signs (with some exceptions) considered unconstitutional regarding the Constitution's 1st amendment?
Law case - 2 pages - Other law subjects
The document is a case brief for the case of judicial review by the US Supreme Court "City of Ladue v. Gilleo, 512 U.S. 43 (1994)." "Gilleo, a resident of Ladue, had her political signs taken down by authorities. When she asked the police, they informed her that the City of Ladue had an...
Health systems
Course material - 3 pages - Social security law
Security is a package of four government insurance programs which provide Americans with minimum coverage. They include retirement pensions (to which all Americans over 65 are entitled), benefits for disabled, unemployment insurance and Medicare, a program which covers the medical expenses of...
How does Anti-Discrimination Law Applies to Women, Especially When it Comes to Marital Rape ?
Essay - 3 pages - Public liberties
According to the Sexual Offences Act of 2003, marital rape can be defined as a sexual act that was committed by a person without the consent of his/her spouse or ex-spouse. Marital assault can legally fall under the category of domestic violence. According to the domestic Act Abuse of 2021,...
The definition and scope of eviction
Essay - 2 pages - Civil law
In light of recent court cases, eviction is one of the most important components of civil law. It protects the rights of both the landlord and the tenant while supporting general health and safety interests. Through these writings, therefore, we will explore the definition and scope of eviction,...
Fragmentation and inconsistency in international investment law
Essay - 5 pages - International law
It is a fallacy to think of international investment law as a general, coherent regime. The rules of law are splintered and fragmented, both in terms of their formal source and in terms of their application of particular disputes. What is more, there are no mechanisms in international investment...
Legal Proceedings in Common Law Jurisdictions and Civil Law Jurisdictions
Dissertation - 4 pages - Civil law
Common law and civil law jurisdictions are often regarded as antagonist interpretation of the rule of law in modern societies. Indeed, both constitute the dominant views of law in general, as they are "often made the basis of comparative law studies". The bipolarisation of the legal systems can...
What's negligence in tort law ?
Essay - 1 pages - Criminal law
Tort law is an integral part of any legal system, and negligence is a key concept within it. Negligence is a form of tort law that holds individuals or organizations accountable for any harm caused to another person due to their careless or reckless behavior. Negligence can be a complex legal...
What is the highest judicial authority in France and how important is it?
Essay - 2 pages - Civil law
The court of cassation is the highest court in France. It hears appeals from decisions of the lower courts, and reviews the constitutionality of laws. Moreover, in application of the (article L4111-1 of the Code de l'organisation judiciaire), there is, for the whole Republic, only one Cour de...
'Make Jim Crow blush': Black leaders bash draft New York congressional map - Scott Wong and Sahil Kapur (2022) - The American Constitution
Text commentary - 3 pages - Constitutional law
Today I am going to be presenting on a recent article published by NBC News titled "Make Jim Crow blush: Black leaders bash draft New York congressional map." The article discusses a draft map of New York's congressional districts that has sparked controversy among Black leaders, who are...
Gender inequality and work/life balance
Summary - 1 pages - Labor law
Individuals spend most of their time in the workplace; therefore an appropriate legal framework should be put in place to protect their rights but also quality of life, regardless of their sex. In this report, women's rights in the workplace will be tackled first, then the balance between...
The Jurisdictional Requirement of the Existence of a Legal Dispute
Essay - 2 pages - International law
In its 1974 judgment, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) resolved solely to admit a case before its framework on the very basis of the genuine existence of a dispute. This provision is not unique to the ICJ: the article 25(1) of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes...
Non-Appearance by a State Compatible with the Adversarial Principle: an Adversarial Procedure Reinstated by the Court
Essay - 5 pages - International law
Since the occupation of Crimea in February 2014, the Russian Federation has been violating the prohibition on the use of force under international law in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter with respect to Ukraine. Moreover, it was already an armed attack within the meaning of Article 51 of the...
India: Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala
Essay - 5 pages - Constitutional law
Perhaps the most recognized constitutional decision within the Supreme Court of India reflects on the case of Kesavananda Bharati against the State of Kerala. While the Supreme Court ruled that there was no implied limitation on Parliament's powers on amendments to the Constitution, the...
History of the Common Law System on the English Legal System
Essay - 11 pages - International law
As a direct result of the colonization by the British, many of its states naturally acquired this common law system, being the English law in globo, maintaining its primary principles, procedures, actors and modes of proof. As a consequence of this adoption and utilization of English law, and the...
The AMF (Financial Markets Authority) and market abuse
Course material - 5 pages - Criminal law
Market abuses are also a criminal offenses. Criminal sanctions can be pronounced. They will be pronounced by judicial courts and not by the enforcement committee of AMF. They pronounced fines or jail sanctions. In the french monetary and financial law, there are executive directive listed...
The Law of Contract
Worksheets - 5 pages - Obligation law
The law of contract is a framework in which all commercial transactions from the smallest consumer purchase to the most complex business agreement are going to take place. Contract law is essentially a case-law subject. Case law is all the decisions made by the court. There are very important...
Commercial Law and the Market
Course material - 2 pages - Other law subjects
Before 2006/2007, it was a period of complete boom. It's called the boom time, following to the .com bust in 2000, fixed interest rates at 1% so there were lots of cheap credit. The bank made lots of money. But the bank increased leverage (it's a way of measuring the amount you lend...
Common Law and Origins of the English Legal System
Presentation - 17 pages - Constitutional law
What is common law? Why is it important to have a knowledge of the principles of common law? How did it develop?
The United Kingdom Judicial System Today
Presentation - 18 pages - Constitutional law
This documents contains a presentation explaining the United Kingdom judicial system today.
The English Constitution and the Monarchy
Presentation - 16 pages - Constitutional law
This document is a presentation tackling the English Constitution and Monarchy, explaining the rule of law in the United Kingdom.
Criminal Liability and homicide
Essay - 2 pages - Criminal law
Committing homicide, which according to common law involves the ‘unlawful killing of a human being, caused by another human being', constitutes one of the most serious criminal offenses under the Offenses Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA 186). The English law recognizes two main acts of...
DAC 6: The Mandatory Disclosure Regime
Practical guide - 4 pages - European law
Under the European Union's DAC6 tax disclosure coordination, the reporting requirements have become enforced across the member states after an almost seven-month postponement of reporting deadlines by many member states, as a result of the recent coronavirus pandemic. Complying with...
Practical case : Employment Law
Law case study - 6 pages - Labor law
1/ David has spent the last two decades working as a security officer for Big Gigs and Loud Sounds Ltd. His contract with Big Gigs and Loud Sounds Ltd expressly declares that he is ‘self-employed' and emphasizes at various points that the basis on which he receives his shifts to work for...
Offer and Acceptance
Course material - 5 pages - International law
A contract is considered as a legally binding agreement between two or more parties. The agreement creates legal rights and obligations that can be enforced in court. The courts have adopted an intellectual framework that analyzes transactions in terms of offer and acceptance to determine whether...
Administrative law in the United States
Essay - 4 pages - International law
Explaining the concept of administrative law can cause complications to many people. Therefore, before going further in this work, we will define the administrative law in advance for a better understanding. Administrative law is the set of rules that define the rights and obligations of an...
The American Legal system versus the English Legal System
Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Other law subjects
When we talk about the American legal system, it should be understood as the legal system that applies in the United States of American (US), whereas the English legal system is the one that takes place in the United Kingdom (UK) : England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Island, except for...
