The Dayton peace agreement and its consequences in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Thesis - 7 pages - International relations
In the early 1990s the unraveling of Yugoslavia was well under way, and by the time war reached Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Yugoslavia was almost nonexistent. Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia had already proclaimed independence with relatively little military conflict. When the time came for...
Use of force
Essay - 4 pages - Political science
Today's international political climate is volatile and dangerous. The United Nations can ease this tension through its sphere of influence on the world. The United Nations has the capability of pulling military forces from member states in order to prevent and deter conflicts that could...
The Cold War
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
Communism is a political structure based on economic principles that promote the establishment of a classless society in which everything is commonly owned. (“Communism” Par 1) On the contrary, Capitalism is based on the principle that land and means of production can be privately...
To what extent has Europe benefited from a "peace dividend" through the European Union and its budget?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The notion of “peace dividend” was forged in the 1980s to convey an idea that had already been analysed before: the link between security/peace, and economic growth. Without going into further details, one may wonder if this economic theory can be applied to the European Union, which...
The French army
Thesis - 6 pages - Political science
'The army' is the term used to denote all the resources in manpower and equipment that a community implements either to deter, or to repel the attacks of another community, or to attack. It is a hierarchical group of men, recruited directly or indirectly by a State or an organization,...
UN peacekeeping operations
Essay - 4 pages - Journalism
Peacekeeping operations (PKOs) illustrate both the successes and the difficulties of the United Nations in the fulfillment of their primary goal: "the maintenance of international peace and security." They symbolize the ambitions of the organization but also its adaptation: it is thus interesting...
The evolution of EU-American relationships: From obedience to independence?
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
The EU-US relations were the basis upon which global institutions were built at the end of World War II, they permitted the creation of the United Nations, of the World Trade Organization, and of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organisation... they forged the framework still used to regulate...
Towards a Federation of Nation-States? - From the Milan summit to the Nice one (1985-2000)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
To try to describe the aim of the European Construction at the beginning of the 90ies, Jacques Delors, president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995, invented the concept of a Federation of Nation-States. An oxymoron? What does national sovereignty become in such a system? But still it...
What are the most significant long-term external trends that will affect the role of the EU in 2020 to 2050?
Essay - 10 pages - European union
By 2025, Europe will represent only 6% of the world population, and its relative share of global wealth and trade will have shrunk. Contentious economic and welfare reforms as well as the integration of a growing migrant population will be among the key internal challenges for many EU Member...
Analyze the principal characteristics of liberalism with reference to current developments in the 'Arab spring' critically examine the view that liberalism's objectives and values are a form of western imperialism
Case study - 5 pages - Political science
The current international context is very complex. The 21st century is characterized by an entanglement of complex relations and inter-dependence between States. In the international studies, we often say that the 21st century began when the Soviet Union disappeared. Indeed, during the Cold War...
Under what circumstances do you think states should intervene in humanitarian crises?
Essay - 6 pages - International law
Humanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for states? Is humanitarian intervention a right for...
Business of war and terrorism
Thesis - 7 pages - International relations
Towards Post Cold War conflicts, the English army became the heir of a strong strategic culture. Indeed, the geo-politic and military story of England has been made mainly by maritime army power, in order to avoid any insurrections from other countries. However, in today's absence of any...
The evolution of EU-American relationships: From obedience to independence? - published: 29/09/2010
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
The EU-US relations were the basis upon which global institutions were built at the end of World War II, they permitted the creation of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization. They were responsible for forging the framework still used to...
The Global War on terrorism and the effects in the Euro-american relations: Causes, consequences, solutions
Essay - 11 pages - International relations
Terrorism has become the most important threat regarding international stability in the 21st century. Though the Euro Atlantic community considers that it is of the utmost importance to eradicate it, it is not able to set up a common strategy. Since the war in Iraq, the Bush administration has...
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - International relations
This year, December 10, 2007 is a day of many important deadlines. Not only is it the day the independence of Kosovo is said to be decided, but it is also the date by which the handover of Ratko Mladic to the ICTY is supposed to occur. Both of these could prove to be fateful days in the history...
The struggle for democracy: An analysis of false flag terrorism in post-war Italy and its contemporary relevance
Essay - 5 pages - Political science
To analyze politics is to attempt to understand the evolution and application of ideas in circumstances that are seldom clearly defined. These ideas are formulated into ideological structures that become the governing principles of specific political philosophies. Words such as morals, culture,...
Humanitarian intervention: The responsibility to protect (R2P)
Essay - 4 pages - Sociology
The protection of human rights is now considered as an important element of International Law. However, if there are frequent calls for “humanitarian interventions” (that is “coercive action against a state to protect people within its border from suffering grave harm” ) like...
The European identity issue: what most determines the European "we feeling"?
Essay - 11 pages - European union
“You don't fall in love with a common market” (EU Commission President Jacques Delors in The European, 3 November 1994). Here emerges one of today's most challenging issues for the European Union: the prevalence of market integration has created a political vacuum and so-called...
The effectiveness of the UN as a multilateral institution
Thesis - 6 pages - International relations
The concept of globalization continues to be a hot issue in the arena of political discourse. Globalism, or interdependence, has been, and continues to be a critical force in world politics that affects nearly every aspect of global economic, political, diplomatic and military behaviour. It...
How an EU military could affect world peace through international law
Thesis - 12 pages - International law
There is no greater motivation for European unification than the desire for peace. Just like the UN, the EU wants to avoid the “scourge of war” for its future generations. In times of peace, the world forgets that the EU is not an economic coalition, but is instead a peaceful, foreign...
Crisis in Korea
Thesis - 4 pages - International law
North and South Korea are located in East Asia and were formerly one state. However they are now divided into two separate states that are frequently pitted against each other politically. Korea shares a border with China in the North West and is separated from Japan the by Korea Strait. In 1948...
The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in the post cold-war Europe
Essay - 5 pages - International relations
The CSCE (Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe) was born with the Helsinki final act in 1975, as the territorial statu quo seemed definitely taken for granted by both the communist block and western countries. On the 1st of August 1975, 35 heads of states from Europe, the US and...
Human Trafficking
Essay - 7 pages - International relations
Approximately 800,000 men, women, and children are smuggled across international borders daily. These numbers do not even include labor and sexual exploitation, and internally displaced persons within each state. Those smuggled have different experiences and motivations such as political...
The integration of the European Union
Thesis - 6 pages - European union
On the 16th April, 2003, ten new members were signing the adhesion treaty to the European Union, in front of the Parthenon in Athens. The adhesion of these ten new countries, among which eight were ex-communist countries, represented a historic moment : the European unification eastwards, so much...
Does collapse of the state, genocide or ethnic cleansing justify intervention?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Although the dilemma of intervention is not new, it emerged as a main topic of debate after the Cold War. The dilemma is whether to intervene in countries where gross human rights violations occur or to respect the sovereignty of the states. Even though a state has a right to sovereignty, thus is...
Were Bulgaria & Romania ready to join the EU? A discussion on the EU membership of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007
Essay - 11 pages - International relations
In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union. Bearing completely different economic and socio-political features than most of the older EU members, particularly their Western partners, Bulgaria and Romania are the poorest among the EU-27 member states. Since they started altering their...
Russia in the 20th century: The Geneva Conference and peaceful coexistence
Essay - 5 pages - International relations
A study of the Soviet press' portrayal of the Geneva conference and the Western powers provides an insight into the role of the press in shaping public opinion for the state and against the West. Furthermore, the image of Soviet-American relations in the press undercuts the tense reality of...
How adequate is the question of sovereignty in the political disputes within Britain about the desirability of joining the European communities? (1945-1973)
Essay - 7 pages - Political science
Britain was one of the first countries to imagine a European grouping after the Second World War. In Zurich, on 19 September 1946, Churchill called for a 'United States of Europe', which would be based on cooperation between France and Germany. Yet he saw no place for Britain in this...
United States foreign policy
Course material - 5 pages - Modern history
A period of political isolation intervened between the end of WWI and the entrance of the US into WWII. In the 1930s new threats to world peace appeared through Japan's invasion of China; Italy's invasion of Ethiopia; the Spanish Civil War; Germany's occupation of Austria; and...
United Kingdom: In and out of Europe
Essay - 10 pages - Journalism
The United Kingdom has always been in and out of Europe. Such posturing is in keeping with a series of mantras [religious beliefs] upon which Britain's policy towards Europe is predicated. The latter have never been really challenged in the last century. Britain's Europe is a paradoxical...
