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31 Jul 2007
ppt

Evaluation of a Patient with Possible Heart Failure

Presentation - 51 pages - Medical studies

The common symptoms of heart failure are well known but are frequently absent and variably specific for this condition. The symptoms generally reflect, but may be dissociated from, the hemodynamic derangements of elevated left-sided and right-sided pressures and impaired cardiac output or cardiac...

31 Jul 2007
ppt

Clinical Presentation of Heart Failure

Presentation - 30 pages - Medical studies

Acute heart failure usually presents as shortness of breath, culminating, sometimes in a matter of minutes, with pulmonary edema. A more subacute presentation is of progressive dyspnea associated with systemic fluid retention over days to a few weeks. The precipitous form usually suggests...

31 Jul 2007
ppt

Heart Failure Syndrome

Presentation - 36 pages - Medical studies

Chronic heart failure is a multifaceted syndrome with diverse presentations. The initial manifestations of hemodynamic dysfunction are a reduction in stroke volume and a rise in ventricular filling pressures, perhaps in the basal state but consistently under conditions of increased systemic...

31 Jul 2007
ppt

Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

Presentation - 42 pages - Medical studies

Heart failure is a heterogeneous syndrome in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for the inability of the heart to pump blood at an output sufficient to meet the requirements of metabolizing tissues or to do so only at abnormally elevated diastolic pressures or volumes. Heart...

31 Jul 2007
ppt

Principles of Electrophysiology

Presentation - 57 pages - Medical studies

The function of the human heart requires rhythmic beatings occurring on the average 70 times a minute, 24 hours a day, for 80 or more years. The close to 3 billion contractions of the cardiac musculature that must occur without fail are coordinated by an intricate network of specialized...

31 Jul 2007
ppt

Catheterization and Angiography

Presentation - 58 pages - Medical studies

A significant reduction in coronary flow reserve is present when the ratio of flow at rest to flow after vasodilation is less than 2 : 1. Measurement of the pressure gradient across a stenosis using a small wire transducer also can assess functional severity. Fractional flow reserve is the ratio...

31 Jul 2007
ppt

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonace Imaging

Presentation - 32 pages - Medical studies

More than any other imaging technique, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers the potential for dramatically changing current imaging strategies for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. The combined attributes of superior image quality and flexibility...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Gene Therapy

Presentation - 85 pages - Medical studies

Gene therapy is an experimental form of treatment whereby sequences of nucleic acids (i.e., genes) are delivered to cells to change their biologic function. The concept initially arose as replacement therapy for monogenic inherited disorders. For these disorders, the aim is to replace a defective...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Drug Abuse Of Cocaine and Other Psychostimulants

Presentation - 29 pages - Medical studies

Cocaine, an alkaloid extracted from coca leaves, and other psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamine, methamphetamine) rapidly increase the concentration of several neurotransmitters in synaptic junctions and stimulate the sympathetic and central nervous systems. Topical cocaine is used in...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Drug Abuse of Heroin and Other Opioids

Presentation - 42 pages - Medical studies

Opioids, including naturally occurring alkaloids (opiates derived from the poppy plant Papaver somniferum), semisynthetic compounds (chemically altered alkaloids), and synthetic agents, are potent analgesics and produce an intense euphoria associated with nausea; drowsiness; miosis; and a...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Electrocardiography

Presentation - 57 pages - Medical studies

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical potentials produced by cardiac tissue. Formation of electrical impulses occurs within the conduction system of the heart. When excited, or depolarized, atrial and ventricular myocardial muscle fibers contract. The electrical currents...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Radiology of the Heart

Presentation - 62 pages - Medical studies

The heart casts a homogeneous shadow on the chest film. No internal detail can be seen within its contours because the radiodensities of blood, myocardium, and other cardiac tissues are so similar that one cannot be distinguished from the others. Only two borders of the heart, where it contacts...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Cardiac Function and Circulatory Control

Presentation - 90 pages - Medical studies

The heart is a muscular pump connected to the systemic and pulmonary vascular systems. Working together, the job of the heart and vasculature is to maintain adequate circulation of blood to the organs at rest and during periods of exercise. To understand perturbations that cause symptoms and...

20 Jul 2007
ppt

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Presentation - 44 pages - Medical studies

The techniques of nuclear cardiology permit the noninvasive imaging of myocardial perfusion under stress and resting conditions and of resting regional and global function using radionuclide imaging agents and gamma or positron cameras with associated computer processing. Myocardial perfusion...

19 Jul 2007
ppt

Epidemiology of Cardiovacular Disease

Presentation - 56 pages - Medical studies

The three major clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Atherosclerosis also can be found in other arterial beds, especially the renal arteries, where it causes about two thirds of...

19 Jul 2007
ppt

Principales of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Presentation - 46 pages - Medical studies

In their work, people can be exposed to dangerous chemicals, hazardous physical agents, emotional stress, and trauma. Any of these occupational exposures can cause disease—sometimes immediately and sometimes after an interval of years or decades. In addition, tens of millions of people of...

19 Jul 2007
ppt

Drug Abuse Treatment and Relapse Prevention

Presentation - 28 pages - Medical studies

Patients who use illicit drugs benefit from treatment if they recognize that their substance use is a problem. The transtheoretical model considers a patient on a continuum from precontemplation (denial) toward maintenance (abstinence/recovery). The clinical approach should be tailored to the...

18 Jul 2007
ppt

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Presentation - 70 pages - Medical studies

Despite dramatic advances in medical science and evidence-based practice, many people turn to other healing approaches, some derived from ancient medical traditions and others from new-age concepts. Although extraordinarily diverse in their nature and purpose, these approaches share enormous...

18 Jul 2007
ppt

Tobacco and Health

Presentation - 64 pages - Medical studies

Currently, about 46 million individuals in the United States are cigarette smokers, including 26% of men and 22% of women. People who are less well educated and/or have unskilled occupations are more likely to smoke. Smoking is responsible for about 430,000 preventable U.S. deaths annually. A...

18 Jul 2007
ppt

Ionizing Radiation Injury

Presentation - 52 pages - Medical studies

Ionizing radiation occurs as electromagnetic waves of extremely short wavelength and as accelerated atomic particles (e.g., electrons, protons, neutrons, a-particles). The injuries caused by ionizing radiation include mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects and various acute and...

18 Jul 2007
ppt

Inborn errors of metabolism

Presentation - 84 pages - Medical studies

Metabolism is a collective term for integrated biochemical processes of the intact organism, differentiated organ, cell, and subcellular organelle. Normal metabolism enables homeostasis for the organism by maintaining anabolic and catabolic flow of substrates to products. In the early 20th...

18 Jul 2007
ppt

Biology of Ageing

Presentation - 48 pages - Medical studies

It is useful to think of organisms as protein-synthesizing factories. If that factory is to function at very high levels of efficiency and stability for very long periods of time, the builder should start with an excellent set of blueprints (hence the importance of understanding the...

17 Jul 2007
ppt

Urinary Incontinence

Presentation - 34 pages - Medical studies

Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary loss of urine of sufficient severity to be a health and/or social problem. Although it is commonly hidden and not discussed with health professionals, urinary incontinence is a prevalent, morbid, and expensive condition. Half of young and...

17 Jul 2007
ppt

Violence and Injury

Presentation - 41 pages - Medical studies

Serious violence and injury have life-altering consequences for victims and their families that often cannot be reversed. Prevention and treatment must be priorities. Violence in the United States is a public health epidemic that is caused by institutional and personal actions. The root causes...

16 Jul 2007
ppt

Gonococcal Infections

Presentation - 82 pages - Medical studies

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection of epithelium and commonly manifests as cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, and conjunctivitis. If untreated, infections at these sites can lead to local complications such as endometritis, salpingitis, tuboovarian abscess, bartholinitis, peritonitis,...