Early developments in photography
Thesis - 3 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Since prehistoric times man has tried to capture the world around him in the form of images. Cave paintings bear testimony to this where the artists depicted the likeness to animals around them by sketching or painting them then the Greek philosopher Aristotle who observed that the light passing...
Developing and printing (Photography)
Thesis - 3 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
When black-and-white photography was popular, enthusiasts of this hobby generally gave the exposed films to professional studios/laboratories, but sometimes they developed and printed them at home. This was so because photography, being a hobby, people enjoyed indulging init and took pride in...
Flash in photography
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Today electronic flash is by far the most popular source of light in photography. The color balance of the electronic flashgun matches that of daylight. This method of judging color balance is called ‘color temperature'. The sun and electronic flashguns have a common color temperature of...
Types of photo filters
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Filters come in two forms, viz. mounted glass discs which get screwed in front of the lens and plastic or glass squares that fit into filter frames and thus get attached in front of the lens. With the aid of adapter rings (also called step-down or step-up rings) filters of one diameter can be...
Different types of camera lenses
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
The main function of the camera lens is to focus the image sharply on the film. But they do a lot more than that: the lens aperture allows us to control the amount of light reaching the film and the depth of the field. Lenses are classified into ‘standard', ‘wide-angle' or...
Photo filters
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Without a doubt, filters can be a great tool for a photographer, in as much as they can add to the photos, with color and special effects. They are an invaluable aid in livening up a visual. One can use filters in both color and black-and-white photography. Filters come in two forms, viz. mounted...
Things you should know about camera lens
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
The main function of the camera lens is to focus the image sharply on the film. But they do a lot more than that: the lens aperture allows us to control the amount of light reaching the film and the depth of the field. Lenses are termed as ‘standard', ‘wide-angle' or ‘tele-photo'...
Light is the medium of communication for a photographer
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
The medium of communication for a photographer is light, just as words are for the writer. It is not enough whether light is sufficient or insufficient. Light has other properties as well which create special effects. These special effects can happen only if light can be controlled by the...
Camera exposure modes and bracketing
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
For a perfect negative or slide, correct exposure is a must. This can be achieved only when an exact amount of light (necessary to produce negatives with right density and color transparencies with pleasing colors) is allowed on the film through the lens of a camera. Overexposure (caused by...
Basics of developing and printing
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
After taking pictures, irrespective of the type of camera and film used, the next obvious step is to see the result. This is possible by developing the film and making prints if the film is black-and-white or color negative. If a transparency film is used, then developing is necessary to get the...
Exposure
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
For a perfect negative or slide, correct exposure is a must. This can be achieved only when an exact amount of light (necessary to produce negatives with right density and color transparencies with pleasing colors) is allowed on the film through the lens of a camera. Overexposure (caused by...
Choice of equipment and lenses for mountain photography
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Mountains have always beckoned adventures. But today conducted tours and better accessibility make even ordinary people to throng mountain resorts and hill stations for rest and enjoyment. And with the proper equipment, mountains offer excellent photo opportunities. It is therefore no wonder that...
Eye versus the camera
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
There is an enormous difference between seeing through one's eyes and through a camera. In some respects the eye is superior although in some respects the camera observes the scene better. The eye sees everything it focuses on. A camera does not see everything in focus. A photographer has to...
Choice of film speed
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
A film is a basic tool for recording images in a camera. It is a flexible, transparent base, coated with light-sensitive emulsion containing silver halide crystals. When a black-and-white film is processed, silver halide crystals which had been exposed to light get reduced to black particles of...
Care of the equipment
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
The camera equipment can only be depended upon if it has been cared for. It should be treated as any other fine instrument - expensive and fragile. Manufacturers can make them rugged but we should not abuse them in use and handling. Proper maintenance is essential in storing, usage and in...
Camera lens
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
The main function of the camera lens is to focus the image sharply on the film. But they do a lot more than that: the lens aperture allows us to control the amount of light reaching the film and the depth of the field. Lenses are termed as ‘standard', ‘wide-angle' or ‘tele-photo'...
Language of photography
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Like any other profession or a technical job, photography as an art and as a science has some very distinct technical words which facilitate an easier communication of ideas and perceptions. Without them it would be almost impossible to communicate and get understood in an effort to do justice to...
Some useful tips when you are photographing children
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Taking pictures of children, irrespective of their age is a complex and a fascinating subject. It is a subject that is challenging as well as frustrating, both for the heart and imagination of the photographer. The results can be very amusing, rewarding, disappointing but never for a moment...
Exposure meters
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
For a perfect negative or slide, correct exposure is a must. This can be achieved only when an exact amount of light (necessary to produce negatives with right density and color transparencies with pleasing colors) is allowed on the film through the lens of a camera. For amateur use, most modern...
Techniques for taking good sports photographs in some sporting events
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
By sports photography we mean taking pictures of sporting events that involve action and movement. If the pictures are not sharp and do not depict fast movement that take place in a sequence, the purpose of a good sports photograph will not be achieved. That exciting movement of action must be...
Cameras for general, specialized and highly specialized photography
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Nothing could be a greater myth than the blind belief that expensive cameras take better photographs. In fact, it is the man behind the camera that is important. Invariably, professional photographers are quizzed about the equipment they use. Sophisticated and expensive cameras are used for very...
Low-light photography
Thesis - 3 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Photography after sunset, very often considered impossible and difficult at best, is something which can be equally rewarding and challenging. It is attempted by very few because of ignorance and preconceived notions that it may not be possible. On the contrary, night photography is very easy. A...
Seeing photographically
Thesis - 2 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
There is quite a lot of difference between a camera recording a subject matter and the photographer looking at it. A photographer is likely to get carried away by things which a camera cannot record. All impressions of sound, smell and other compelling facets of a scene, even the wonderful fresh...
Facts based voltage sag mitigation and stability improvement in induction generator based wind farms
Thesis - 6 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
In recent years generation of electricity using directly connected asynchronous generator (induction generator) based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) has received considerable attention world wide. The connection of these Fixed Speed Induction Generators (FSIG) to the Point of Common...
Designing online & offline charging framework for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)
Thesis - 6 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Mobile Communication service Providers always aim to specify, realize and deploy services as quickly as possible in order to gain a competitive edge in meeting evolving consumer demands. 3GPP introduced their mobile network architecture as IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Real time charging is...
Concept of communication technology
Presentation - 5 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Communication technology is an important tool for computerized information systems as data is communicated by using communication technology. Data communication refers to data transmission and receipt thereof from one location to another. Computers transmit data for many reasons. The problems of...
High definition entertainment
Thesis - 8 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
The history of the television is a very interesting subject for those who wish to know more about where the “idiot box” came from. The word ‘television' was coined on the 25th of August 1900 at the International World Fair in Paris. We all know how the television serves to...
The evolution of HDTV
Thesis - 8 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
It all began when a 20year old German student, Paul Nikpow, put forward his theory of the “rotating disk'. The inventors tried to build a mechanical television system based on either this theory or tried to build an electronic television system by using a cathode ray tube. The invention of...
Recent advances in organic polymer for electronics in nano regime
Thesis - 4 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
Organic semiconductors are of increasing interest as new materials for electronic devices, owing to their easy processing on flexible substrates and potential for low-cost fabrication. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), OLED display, photodiodes and field-effect transistors (FETs) are the...
Sensitivity based approach for congestion management in deregulated environment
Thesis - 5 pages - Electronics, mechanics, engineering & technology
This paper proposes a sensitivity based approach for congestion management in deregulated environment. The congestion management problem is formulated to minimize the cost of re-dispatching the participating generators subject to operational and security constraints and considering the presence...
