The history of freemasonry in Europe and America - published: 22/06/2009
Thesis - 7 pages - Medieval history
Organizational rules, called Old Charges, from groups or guilds of European stonemasons date back to the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries according to some historians, while others date these guilds as far back as 1057 in Scotland and 1220 in England. The first records of the speculative...
Timeline of European Renaissance
Time lines - 12 pages - Ancient history
During the middle ages, when Feudal Europe witnessed a period of intellectual and cultural stagnation, the cities of Italy such as Venice, Florence, and Milan prospered as trading posts connecting Europe to the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world via the Mediterranean Sea. Unlike the rest of...
American history: A chart on the causes and effects of the revolutionary war
Thesis - 7 pages - Modern history
Throughout the mid-1700's resistance to British control in the colonies grew as Britain tried to consolidate their empire through a series of ordinances after the Seven Years' War. Although the passage of the Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Sugar Act, and the Townshend Duties did not inevitably hurry...
The Mesopotamian civilization
Thesis - 12 pages - Ancient history
Mesopotamia or Bilad Al-Rafidayn, the Arabic terminology for "land between the rivers" is widely considered as the “cradle of civilization” on account of the flourishing urban communities that thrived in this land much before the rest of the world was inhabited.In a narrow sense,...
World war I: Timeline
Time lines - 20 pages - Modern history
World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict lasting from 1914 C.E. to 1919 C.E. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey, called the Central Powers fought Britain, France and later U.S.A., called the Allies. No...
A history of the Black Death and its impact in late medieval Europe
Thesis - 9 pages - Medieval history
The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1347 C.E. and 1351 C.E, reducing the population of Europe by nearly half, and resulting in widespread socio-economic and other changes. Medieval people referred to this catastrophe as the "Great...
A chronological time line of US history
Time lines - 15 pages - Modern history
The History of the United States of America is the story of man's determination and struggle to establish a definite and structured way of life, overcoming obstacles. A study of the chronological timeline of the History of U.S.A. details this fact and explains that the U.S.A. is today the world...
The Indus valley civilization
Thesis - 11 pages - Ancient history
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Ghaggar-Hakra civilization or the Harappan Civilization was one of the most ancient of world civilizations, a contemporary of the ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization. This civilization flourished between 2600 B.C.E. and 1900 B.C.E. in...
The push and pull: Dichotomies in the lover
Thesis - 5 pages - Modern history
Reading The Lover, you have the experience of sitting down with Marguerite Duras, perhaps in a dim room on a day in late summer, sipping cold tea in tall glasses, intent on hearing the story of her Chinese lover, the man she lost her innocence to many years ago as a young French girl in...
Human Rights in China since the Tiannemen incident in 1989
Thesis - 7 pages - Modern history
On June 4th 1989, Deng Xiaoping and nine other members of the permanent Comity commanded the Prime Minister Li Peng to repress the occupation of Tiannenmen square by millions of students. Actually, this manifestation had started on the2nd of April by the students' reaction who wanted to pay...
Women, Algerians and enemies
Thesis - 4 pages - Modern history
Victims told their stories to the Truth Commission while, in another hall, in other time, perpetrators explained their deeds. During the Algerian War (1954-1962), called “the war of independence”, French soldiers raped many Algerian women, but this remains unknown because of the...
The diplomacy of Vichy: June 1940 to November 1942
Thesis - 8 pages - Modern history
The history of Vichy has been subjected to heated controversies since 1945. In the years that followed the liberation, most historians and politicians alleged that France had resisted to the German, and developed a myth, the “Resistantialisme”. This term implies that the majority of the...
In what specific senses might nationalism be considered one of the causes of the First World War?
Thesis - 5 pages - Modern history
Since the beginning of the XIX° century, Europe had known a series of crises, due to serious issues which were causing mounting friction amongst the Powers. Nonetheless, at the beginning of 1914 Europe seemed to be at peace, and the international relations between European countries seemed less...
Lewis, Fort Mandan, April 7, 1805 : The Lewis and Clark expedition
Book review - 4 pages - Modern history
This text, written by Captain Meriwether Lewis at Fort Mandan on April 7th, 1805, may be regarded as one of the main turning points of the expedition. Indeed, the long and harsh winter they endured when they could not move on westward to the Missouri River since it was blocked with ice and when...
An evaluation of the role played by the early Tudors in the growth of England as a super power
Thesis - 12 pages - Ancient history
The Tudor period in English history refers to the period between 1485 C.E. and 1603 C.E. that coincides with the rule of the Tudor dynasty. The five monarchs who ruled England during this period were Henry VII (1485 C.E. to 1509 C.E.), Henry VIII (1509 C.E. to 1547 C.E.), Edward VI (1547 C.E. to...
A discussion and analysis of the Indus river civilization
Thesis - 6 pages - Ancient history
Indus civilization is considered as the most mysterious civilization of the world because until now researchers have failed to provide a plausible explanation of the symbols and language found written on various tablets. Considered as an urban civilization far superior to that of summer...
The depiction of Biblical women in the letters of Abelard and Heloise
Thesis - 10 pages - Ancient history
Abelard and Heloise sustained a reputation as great lovers for many centuries. Yet their romantic relationship was essentially over when they composed their famous correspondence; the very nature of their love affair remains unclear. Both Abelard and Heloise construct their past with common...
The Gypsies and the Balkans States
Thesis - 8 pages - Modern history
The Gypsies are now recognized to have originated from northern India and to have arrived in Europe around the 14th century. This deprives the Gypsies of an historical homeland and a state able to protect their rights, even outside its borders. Moreover, their immigration in several waves created...
A discussion of noble women in ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian society
Thesis - 10 pages - Medieval history
Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt were both patriarchal societies. Women were second class citizens. However, in both civilizations women rose to prominence and even managed to rule. This paper will contrast those exceptions to male domination and the way they differed. The ancient civilizations of...
The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African world-systems before the 16th century, Philippe Beaujard
Thesis - 7 pages - Medieval history
Philippe Soller used to say that the beauty of conciseness is that it allows us to transmit, guiltlessly, only commonly accepted truths. I am afraid I will have to show, very concisely, how innovating and dissenter is the study of Philippe Beaujard on The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African...
Why did the British leave India in 1947?
Thesis - 4 pages - Modern history
The independence of India in August 1947 was the result of a long process which started after the First World War. Indeed in 1919 Parliament had passed the Government of India Act which was designed to organize provincial governments in India. Then, before 1939 and the outbreak of the Second...
The grail legends through history
Thesis - 7 pages - Modern history
The story of the Holy Grail has fascinated people in written form for almost 900 years, and existed in oral form before that date as part of the legend called the Matter of Britain. This has been a pagan story, a Jewish/Islamic story, and a Christian story. The grail itself has been a serving...
New testament portrayals of Mary Magdalene
Thesis - 7 pages - Medieval history
We have no verifiable information about who wrote the gospels of the New Testament, where they were written, or even when. Later legends connected these gospels with Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, but there is no reliable historical evidence to support these claims. Modern scholars estimate that...
The transformation of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara
Thesis - 5 pages - Medieval history
Buddhism arose in India around 500 BCE. It was focused on the teachings of Gautama Buddha and organized around the spiritual practices of monks and nuns who also taught the Buddha's message. In the first 500 years of its existence in India the religion or tradition of Buddhism was influenced by...
The goddess in the Hebrew tradition
Thesis - 6 pages - Ancient history
We tend to think of the Hebrew tradition as one of solid monotheism and a consistent worship of a male God named Yahweh (or sometimes El). Many people know about the Bible story where Moses was angry with the Hebrew people on their way out of captivity in Egypt because they built a golden calf to...
The ancient culture and history of the Mayan civilization
Thesis - 12 pages - Ancient history
The Mayan civilization was a densely populated and highly advanced civilization that thrived in Mesoamerica from the second century B.C.E., until the arrival of the Spanish in the 15th Century B.C.E. They had their base in the Yucatan and spread over present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala,...
Indus river civilization
Thesis - 5 pages - Ancient history
Indus civilization is considered as the most mysterious civilizations of the world because until now researchers have failed to provide a plausible explanation of the symbols and language found written on various tablets. Considered as an urban civilization far superior to that of Sumer...
Analysis of the role of easy transit to Pearson international airport in the economy of Toronto and its accessibility to commuter and international travelers
Thesis - 6 pages - Geography
Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are the three largest cities in Canada. As such, they play a pivotal role in the economy, growth, and development of Canada as both a nation unto itself and as an international destination for commerce, tourism, and immigration. Sad it is, then, that Toronto,...
Sacred tantra
Thesis - 6 pages - Ancient history
Tantra, is set of mystical practices employing rituals, mythologies, and sacred sexuality to achieve divine awareness. It is a system of mysticism found in both Hindu and Buddhist spiritual traditions and perhaps predates them as well. This paper will discuss the transition from very intense...
Beating the odds: How Chet Edwards won in the Texas 17th
Thesis - 8 pages - Modern history
The redistricting effort in Texas had a singular goal: to increase the Republican majority in Texas' Congressional delegation. That goal was very nearly met perfectly, with all but one of the Anglo-Democrats targeted by redistricting losing their seats in November. The only survivor was Chet...
