Diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of forest health and protection
Essay - 9 pages - Ecology & environment
Over the last 30 years forest health became a popular issue together with the concern about acid rain, air pollution, and climate change. Terms like forest decline, and the German ‘Waldsterben' (forest death) and ‘Neuartigen Waldscha ¨den' (new type of forest damage) became frequent in...
On the road to China's urbanization
Essay - 6 pages - Economy general
Unexpected urbanization is taking place in China today and will continue to occur in the coming years. The rapid rise of Chinese settling in cities is drastic. Statistics showed that urbanization heightened from “18 percent in 1978 to 30 percent in 1995 and 39 percent in 2002 (New Lincoln...
Environmental impacts on forests
Essay - 7 pages - Ecology & environment
There is considerable debate over de?nitions for the word ‘forest' and even for ‘tree.' Most vegetation types fall clearly into the categories of forest or nonforest, but there is dispute at the margins. A similar debate rages over the classi?cation of forests into natural and arti?cial...
Impacts of air pollution on forest ecosystems
Essay - 10 pages - Ecology & environment
Air pollution problems are international in scale. All forests worldwide experience some degree of air pollution exposure above preindustrial levels. Atmospheric transport processes do not recognize geographic borders, but sources of pollutants, the pollutants of concern, and the speci?c effects...
Natural disturbances in forest environments
Essay - 7 pages - Ecology & environment
Disturbance in plant communities has been de?ned as consisting of ‘the mechanisms which limit the plant biomass by causing its partial or total destruction.' In forests, disturbance arises from the agencies of tree damage or death. At small spatial scales, individual trees die standing or...
Plant-animal interactions in forest ecosystems
Essay - 7 pages - Ecology & environment
Flowering plants, being sedentary, have co-opted animal partners for purposes of gene exchange and propagule dispersal, through pollination and seed dispersal. To secure these services plants provide a variety of flower or fruit rewards creating some of the most common and obvious mutualistic...
Human influences on the tropical forest wildlife
Essay - 7 pages - Ecology & environment
Different patterns of anthropogenic forest disturbance can affect forest wildlife in both tropical and temperate regions in many ways. The overall impact of different sources of structural and nonstructural disturbance may depend on: (1) the groups of organisms considered; (2) the evolutionary...
Aquatic habitats in forest ecosystems
Essay - 8 pages - Ecology & environment
There is a wide variety of aquatic habitats found in forested areas ranging from water-?lled tree holes through to large rivers, lakes, and inundated forests. This article initially reviews the classi?cation of aquatic habitats and some of their important geomorphological, physicochemical, and...
Ground preparation in afforestation
Essay - 9 pages - Ecology & environment
Ground preparation is de?ned as the set of preliminary operations on soil that are required for effective establishment of tree seedlings. The main objective of ground preparation is to assure access to nutrients, air, and water for the seedlings to be planted. Ground preparation is more focused...
Endangered species of trees
Essay - 7 pages - Ecology & environment
Unfortunately the topic of endangered species of trees is a vast one because of the extensive loss of their habitat in most parts of the world and in many cases because of overexploitation. The World Conservation Union's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Plants, published in 1997, lists almost 34000...
Population dynamics of forest insects
Essay - 5 pages - Ecology & environment
Population dynamics is the study of changes in the number of organisms in populations and the factors in?uencing these changes. It thus, by necessity, includes the study of the rates of loss and replacement of individuals and of those regulatory processes that can prevent excessive changes in...
Ainu: Spirit of a northern people
Essay - 6 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Modern history: that is pretty simple. It is the origins that really trip people up. Perhaps it is the lack of an ancient system of record keeping; perhaps records that existed were destroyed in natural disasters. For all historians know, natural disasters could have wiped out ancient historians...
Untouchability and societal changes
Essay - 6 pages - Social, moral & civic education
How quickly can a prevailing attitude shift? What forces can bring about drastic changes in the structure of a society, and how quickly can that change be enacted? How long does it take for crippling stereotypes to disappear? These questions are central to those marked as untouchables, and to...
Symbolism in Japanese animation: Neon Genesis Evangelion and its depth of imagery
Essay - 4 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Symbolism has long been a tool employed by authors and directors to fill in the gaps of a story where an explanation would prove unnecessarily wordy or would jeopardize the message's importance. That which is not said, often, is just as important as what actually is. Modern cinema benefits...
History according to the Slave narratives
Essay - 8 pages - Social, moral & civic education
The historical account given firsthand by former enslaved peoples has been called into question on many occasions. It has been suggested that because the narratives of these former slaves are so inconsistent with one another, the resulting history was flawed. The allegations are not without a...
Africville: The destruction of a community in the name of urban renewal
Essay - 4 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Africville was a black community located on the outskirts of Halifax, built by Loyalist descendants, and destroyed for the sake of urban renewal in the late 1960s. Canada has always prided itself on its race relations, often comparing its own history with that of the United States. However, this...
The roadmap of 'The Republic'
Book review - 6 pages - Political science
When tackling a text of great literary merit, it is important to remember to approach it in the right way. For instance, if we look to the New Testament of the Bible, while masterfully written, it is not a verbatim moral or ethical code of human behavior. Likewise The Analects of Confucius,...
The Baghdad crucible
Essay - 5 pages - International relations
What is going on in Iraq since the 2003 invasion and, by extension, since long before during Operation Desert Storm is in many ways a paradigm—an ever-evolving view into a society that has, for internal and external reasons, become one of the most turbulent areas in the Middle East and in...
A more perfect union: Utopian communities in Tennessee
Essay - 5 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Tennessee has long been regarded by historians as a crossroads of different ideas and people, its unique geographic position separating it from being overly dominated by established traditions for much of its history. It is this unique situation that makes Tennessee a favored home for idealists...
A study of the beginnings and effects of country clubs in American society
Essay - 6 pages - Social, moral & civic education
In today's current society, there is an aspect of social life that is experienced by a portion of those in America's middle and upper classes. This aspect is the country club, which is major part of some American's lives. In present times, such institutions are viewed as places where people are...
Primate seed dispersal: Implications for conservation tactics
Essay - 5 pages - Ecology & environment
Many frugivorous primates act in an important ecosystem role as seed dispersers for local flora. The importance of this relationship is apparent through the realization that there is variation in the species of plant seeds dispersed by primates and non-primates, with primates often serving as the...
The mysterious history of Scientology
Essay - 6 pages - Social, moral & civic education
What is Scientology? The answer is as simple or as complex as the one asking and the one answering wants to make it. Since its creation in 1952, Scientology has been seen by some as a religion, others as a cult, still others as a joke. Is it, as its creator L. Rob Hubbard asserted, a philosophy?...
The effect of USSR on Cuba
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
The second half of the 20th century saw a great deal of USSR involvement in Cuba economically, politically, and militarily. The USSR contributed large amounts of money, weapons, subsidized goods, and other aid to the Cuban government lead by Fidel Castro. Cuba underwent a great many changes...
Cultural and material remains of the Chiricahua Apache
Essay - 12 pages - Social, moral & civic education
The Chiricahua Apache, prior to forced displacement, occupied a broad swath of land surrounding the modern nexus of New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. This traditional territory offered a spectrum of natural environments that varied from mountainous regions to desert environments to...
Cultural analysis: The Maury Povich show
Essay - 4 pages - Social, moral & civic education
The Maury Povich show is a television programmed that has been syndicated to networks since 1991, hosted by Maury Povich (IMDB). His most popular “theme” of his series is paternity tests for woman, or their man who is involved in a dispute surrounding the baby's father (Wikipedia). It...
Religious ambivalence: Geology and the Victorian crisis of faith
Essay - 5 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Edmund Burke wrote, “There is nothing so fatal to religion as indifference.” If religion were the driving force in pre- and early Victorian society, indifference and confusion would have been the contenders of its power. Religion, a societal stabilizer, political voice, and moral...
Families make a difference
Essay - 5 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Research suggests that adolescent delinquent substance abuse is one of the more prevalent social problems in the United States. I chose this topic because I have seen it among my own peers. Substance abuse is a problem regardless of race, class, ethnicity or gender among adolescents. In a study...
The origins and functions of religion
Essay - 9 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Religion is a subject that has been of constant interest to anthropologists. Before discussing origins, functions and examples of religion however, it is first necessary that we develop a proper definition. For the purpose of this paper I will define religion as a group of beliefs concerning the...
Economy of Vietnam
Essay - 4 pages - Economy general
In order to have an overall understanding of a given economy, one must take into effect numerous elements and factors. It starts with a general economic framework for the particular country or region, as it gives the necessary background figures to analyze the economy as a whole. Predicting the...
Religious belief and religious identity as separate forces in politics in the Middle East
Essay - 7 pages - Social, moral & civic education
In the debate over slavery that took place in America in the nineteenth century, apologists for both sides appealed to Christianity, the Union's dominant religion, to justify their respective cases. George Armstrong, in his 1857 book The Christian Doctrine of Slavery, stated that, “[I]t...
